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The Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo ((スペイン語:Asociación Civil Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo)) is a human rights organization with the goal of finding the children stolen and illegally adopted during the Argentine Dirty War. Its president is Estela Barnes de Carlotto. It was founded in 1977 to locate children kidnapped during the repression, some of them born to mothers in prison who were later "disappeared", and to return the children to their surviving biological families. The work of the Grandmothers, assisted by United States genetics scientist Mary-Claire King, by 1998 had led to the location of more than 10 percent of the estimated 500 children kidnapped or born in detention during the military era and illegally adopted, with their identities hidden.〔Juan Ignacio Irigaray, ("Los santos inocentes" ), ''El Mundo'', 11 June 1998 〕 By 1998 the identities of 256 missing children had been documented. Of those, 56 children have been located, and seven others had died. The Grandmothers' work led to the creation of the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team and the establishment of a National Genetic Data Bank. Aided by recent breakthroughs in genetic testing, the Grandmothers succeeded in returning 31 children to their biological families. In 13 other cases, adoptive and biological families agreed on jointly raising the children after they had been identified. The remaining cases are bogged down in court custody battles between families.〔Marta Gurvich, ("Argentina's Dapper" ), in ''Consortium News'', August 19, 1998 〕 As of 2008, their efforts have resulted in finding 97 grandchildren. The kidnapped babies were part of a systematic government plan during the "Dirty War", to pass the children for adoption by military families and allies of the regime, to avoid raising another generation of subversives.〔 According to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), the junta feared that "the anguish generated in the rest of the surviving family because of the absence of the disappeared would develop, after a few years, into a new generation of subversive or potentially subversive elements, thereby not permitting an effective end to the Dirty War".〔〔(), ''Al Jazeera,'' March 2012〕〔("Los Padrinos" ), ''Plan Sistematico blog'', January 2012〕 As an offshoot of the Silvia Quintela case, former dictator Jorge Videla was detained under house-arrest in 2010 on multiple charges of kidnapping children. On July 2012 he was convicted and sentenced to fifty years in prison for the systematic stealing of babies.〔("Videla condenado a 50 anos por robo de bebes" ) (Videla sentenced to 50 years for stealing babies), ''Noticias'' (Peru) (in Spanish)〕 On 14 September 2011 the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo received the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize in Paris for their work in defense of Human Rights.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/story.asp?NewsID=37683&Cr=unesco&Cr1=#.UqX3Um2SDYg )〕 == Formation == The Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo was founded in 1977 to protect children's rights as a response to state sponsored terrorism.〔 Initially they were known as Argentine Grandmothers with Disappeared Grandchildren (''Abuelas Argentinas con Nietitos Desaparecidos''), but later adopted the name The Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo (''Las Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo''). In 1983 the constitutional government was reestablished and the grandmothers searched for missing children using anonymous tips and their own investigations, but were unable to prove the children's identities.〔 Geneticists from the United States worked with the Grandmothers. They were able to store blood samples from family members in the National Genetic Data Bank until the grandchildren could be located and could confirm the relatedness with an accuracy rate of 99.99%.〔 The Grandmothers fought through the court systems to annul the unlawful adoptions. By the mid 1990s legal battles of custody were no longer appropriate because the missing grandchildren were now legal adults.〔 The grandmothers adapted their strategy and started public awareness campaigns to direct the missing grandchildren to contact the organization.〔 As of 2008, their efforts have resulted in finding 97 grandchildren.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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